Top Fellowship Essay Samples Tips!

Top Fellowship Essay Samples Tips! What is Really Happening with Fellowship Essay Samples You may choose to include information regarding prominent researchers or professors in the field which you have worked with. Narrow down the list of scholarships you need to submit an application for. Based on the program, you might explain why you are interested in getting the scholarship or grant. Especially since scholarships are not simple to get, and judges are extremely harsh. Ensure you know everything the committee would like you to put in your letter of intent. An academic letter is not only a document that can showcase your mastery when it has to do with a specific academic subject. Your nomination letter must incorporate all relevant particulars. List the date below your return address, and then the man or woman to whom you're addressing the letter and her street address below the date. Below, you'll discover a student grant application letter sample. If you're utilizing a CV to apply to get a job in another nation, it's important to learn about the format common in that nation. The little grant (R03) supports new research projects that could be carried out in a quick time period with limited resources. Specify the number of individuals affected by your work and the sum of time you've spent on your projects. Fellowship Essay Samples - What Is It? Possessing another reader often causes a better composition. When utilizing a template for a guide, always make sure it's applicable to the study that you're practicing or the academic area or discipline at which you will use your academic essay. It's much better to use your own words and care for the subject employing a crystal clear and concise language. The course materials which you require to speak about within an academic essay can reflect your degree of understanding about the discipline. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Fellowship Essay Samples Is Wrong You wish to convince the sch olarship committee that you deserve the money to assist you go to college and become the very best in your favorite field. That means you can order for our high school scholarship essay examples without needing to be worried about your private information. Write about just what the scholarship would allow you to do. If you do decide to work, obtaining a scholarship gives you the ability to be more selective regarding the jobs you take on. New Ideas Into Fellowship Essay Samples Never Before Revealed It's simple to point out an essay that's been written solely for the interest of it. If you wish to succeed and know how to write a scholarship essay, you also need to become familiarized with the most frequently made mistakes. Even though this kind of essay should only be 250 words long, you should organize your ideas ahead of time. An academic essay always must be relevant. Try to remember your introduction, the very first paragraph of an essay, needs to be short and catchy. A letter of a few paragraphs is an ideal length. You don't wish to be the Rhodes candidate who's eliminated from consideration as a result of a typo in your essay's very first paragraph. In other words, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities you've executed so you can support the content of your written output. Aspirants who want to submit an application for the training programs can fill the on-line application form. The procedure isn't difficult, but might take several weeks. It begins with the client entering the relevant information in the order form. Prevent the trap of aiming for what you believe the selection committee would like to hear. The Mandela Washington Fellowship will offer you the tools to achieve your general vision. Until you understand what the particular mandate of a fellowship, you aren't going to understand how to commence structuring your essay, or in the event the fellowship you're applying to is even the most suitable one for you. Finding out how to share your goals with numerous audiences is the secret to proving your research is well worth doing work one-on-one with an Accepted advisor now to begin on your application and become funded! Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should have the capability to spark the interests of your readers. Consult your readers to inform you exactly what questions your proposal raises that you may not have considered. As you wait to hear if you're selected for an interview, there are various things you are able to continue to do in order to prepare. Retreat invitations could be mailed or e-mailed, or a combo of both. Adhere to a narrative structure when building your essay, it's going to be less difficult for you to tell your individual experiences. The motive of your essay is essential to be regarded as as it can identify whether you're able to be of help to the folks who want a distinct educational reference. You won't have the ability to compose an outstanding essay in case you don't devote your soul to it. The very first thing you may want to do before writing any essay for this matter is to follow along with the directions.

Anne Frank Was A Dutch Girl Who Lived During The Jewish...

Anne Frank was a dutch girl who lived during the jewish antisemitism period and unfortunately died in the Holocaust. Born in Frankfurt (Germany), on June 12, 1929 she used to live with her older sister, Margot, her father, Otto and her mother, Edith until one day the nazi s ideas reached the town were they used to live. Her life has been plenty of adventures and bad moments that she had to overpass. All of these horrible adventures that she went through were able to be known by the people thanks to a birthday present that she received. This birthday present was in fact a diary, in which she was going to write all her life, which unfortunately finished antes que previsto. It is thanks to that precious diary that we are now able to know better what happened during that terrible, horrible period of history. She had la mala suerte to live in that century. She was a dreaming girl which her dream was to become a recognized and important woman. When she was ..... Hitler got to the power and began to chase the jews all around the world, but mostly in germany. His ideas of atisemitism were travelling fast. His power was getting bigger. The second world war was eager to start, everything was getting darker and more difficult to live in. ironia del destino For the first 5 years of her life, Anne lived with her parents and older sister, Margot, in an apartment on the outskirts of Frankfurt. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Otto Frank fled to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where

A Virtual Battlefield free essay sample

Cyber warfare is an oncoming threat that will result in devastation. Cyber weapons can seriously hurt a country, and cause chaos that will match Pearl Harbor. Picture this- the click of a mouse could disable air traffic control screens, explode fuel refineries, steal valuable information, derail trains, and fry power grids. All capabilities of a cyberattack. And the bad news is the United States is not as prepared as it should be (for this new kind of warfare), and it’s happening right now. I can’t believe that the United States’ cybersecurity isn’t faring that well. We have known of the threat for a long time, yet defensive measures haven’t been taken. We seriously need to end this threat-our whole nation is at risk. Of course, CYBERCOM is a good start, but there really should be more members, which would result in a larger task force, and a stronger cyber defense. We will write a custom essay sample on A Virtual Battlefield or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not all cyberweapons are on a nation crippling scale, however. There have been some attacks on Google and Western Energy Companies, and investigators believe China was the aggressor, and Google declared Cyber War on China. Don’t believe that Google, of all companies, got cyberattacked? Check out http://gpsanalysis.com/?p=41 But, of course, some nation-scale warfare has happened, to the United States, too! In April of 2009, cyber spies infiltrated the Pentagon’s Joint Strike Fighter Project, an approximate three-billion dollar project, and were able to escape with huge amounts of data that was related to the aircraft’s design. Again, officials point to China. Ok†¦maybe Google, but the Pentagon got cyberattacked? Check again! http://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-04/hackers-breach-joint-strike-fighter-program Although China seems to be the most active offensive cyber attacker, America isn’t just a passive victim. In 2010 Israel and the United States hatched the Stuxnet virus, which targeted Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities and basically destroyed thousands of centrifuges that were used to purify Uranium. Another cyberweapon hatched by the United States was the Flame virus. This virus seeped through the computers of Iran’s high-ranking officials, and collect information. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/computer_malware/stuxnet/index.html Iran has been receiving some heat from the United States and Israel ever since they began their nuclear weapons program. Yet Iran has been on the offensive side too. A cyberattack shut down RasGas, a producer of liquid natural gas in Qatar, and destroyed valuable computer data at Saudi Aramco- the world’s most valuable company. US intelligence confirmed that the aggressor was Iran. Many more cyberattacks have happened around the world though. I’m not going to sit here typing every single cyberattack. Hopefully you get my main point- Cyber warfare is happening RIGHT NOW. Although cyber warfare can really only frustrate and confuse temporarily, a nation can not win a war if the other side has it. That is why not only offensive measures, but defensive measures, are important. Blocking a cyberweapon from destroying data could cost you the outcome of a war, and bring victory to your side. But cyber defense is hard. Now, the enemy is in virtual space and an attack could come from anywhere. How could we possible set a good defense for that? The United States is scrambling to get good new Cyber Warfare tasks. U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM) is America’s Cyber offensive and Cyber defensive military command. CYBERCOM has many tasks that can detect and patch security holes as well as creating new network systems for the military’s computer systems. CYBERCOM engages in offensive warfare and work on cyber weapons that can be combined with Special Operations Missions, or airstrikes. This is the first step to the protection of our great nation, and will prevail over our enemies when it gets the support it needs. New warfare means new tactics. I think that education is really the best way to go with this oncoming threat. Educate the citizens through websites and other essays like this one, and they will respond. Some will understand computer code, some won’t. But that can change through education. Another advantage is that physical strength is no longer a requirement- and we can face this cyber security threat head-on, to protect our nation and its citizens. Again, cyber warfare is happening right now, and is a serious threat. We need to prepare for this new weapon, and prevent our nation from another Pearl Harbor.

The Age Of Innocence Essays - English-language Films,

The Age Of Innocence The Significance of The Unsaid in The Age of Innocence As he entered the box his eyes met Miss Wellands, and he saw that she had instantly understood his motive, though the family dignity which both considered so high a virtue would not permit her to tell him so. The persons of their world lived in an atmosphere of faint implications and pale delicacies, and the fact that he and she understood each other without a word seemed to the young man to bring them nearer than any explanation would have done. (Wharton 16) This statement vividly illustrates the power of the unsaid within New York society during the 1870s, the time in which The Age of Innocence was set. At that time, there existed a powerful set of rules, regulations, and codes pertaining to ones conduct that were most often unspoken and, therefore, were never formally outlined. However, this did not in any way lessen the degree to which these standards were adhered to, and, thereby, upheld as if they were carved in the same stone as the Ten Commandments. Because New York Society d id not have much need for religion, other than for rites of passage, the rules of society were to them like rules of their religion. As a woman who was raised in this society, Edith Wharton was able to illustrate with great clarity the influence that the unsaid had when it came to knowing how one should behave if society is to look on them favourably. She further goes on to express the perils of a life lived within these particular codes. In the initial example used in the introduction, which took place in Chapter II of the novel, the reader is not only able to see the reason for Newland Archers behaviour, but the example also acts as a method of foreshadowing which alludes to the significant role that that which is left unsaid would play within the novel. After having read the entire novel, the reader would be able to reflect back and see this as the first of many times where discussions were replaced by unspoken understandings, and where the correct course of action is implied, but never spoken of directly. Although there are many times in the novel where thoughts and feelings are left unsaid, there is no relationship more affected by it than that of Newland Archer and May Welland/Archer. Right from the initial example the reader can see that Newland and May subscribe wholly to Societys dictates concerning appropriateness of public behaviour. They do not discuss the fact that Archer would like to announce the engagement earlier in order to assist Mays family in protecting Ellen Olenska. In place of a discussion on this issue, there exists an exchange of glances that Archer sees as a mutual understanding between he and May. This understanding exists in this case, and in others yet to be analyzed, without any verification of its accuracy having ever taken place. The second time that the unsaid played an imperative role in the relationship of Newland and May was in Chapter XVI when he had travelled to St.Augustine to advance the date of their wedding. This is a paradoxical point in the novel where the reader may feel as if May was abandoning all of the social customs in order to speak what was on her mind, yet as the conversation progressed she spoke her mind only to an extent and the couple subsequently left what would have been the most important part of their conversation unsaid. May questioned whether or not there was another woman between them, but she ended her questioning after having her suggestion of Archers previous mistress rebuffed. This was one time where Archer seemingly couldve told May about his feelings for Ellen Olenska without further recourse, however Archer decided to hold fast to his traditional values and avoided the embarrassment that such an announcement would have brought. The next, and possibly the most important, time in which the unsaid played a crucial role in the novel were the circumstances surrounding Ellen Olenskas final departure from New York. When Newland had tried to revel his feelings for Ellen Olenska to May in Chapter

Chemistry 101 - Introduction and Index of Topics

Chemistry 101 - Introduction and Index of Topics Welcome to the world of Chemistry 101! Chemistry is the study of matter. Like physicists, chemists study the fundamental properties of matter and they also explore the interactions between matter and energy. Chemistry is a science, but it is also used in human communication and interaction, cooking, medicine, engineering, and a host of other disciplines. Although people use chemistry every day with no apparent problem, if the time comes to take a course in chemistry in high school or college, many students are filled with dread. Dont be! Chemistry is manageable and even fun. Ive compiled some study tips and resources to make your encounter with chemistry easier. Not sure where to start? Try Chemistry Basics. Periodic Table of the Elements You need a trusty periodic table for practically all aspects of chemistry! There are links to characteristics of elements groups, too. Periodic TablePrintable Periodic TablesGroups of Elements Periodic Table Helpful Resources Use these resources to look up unfamiliar terms, identify chemical structures, and recognize the elements. Worked Chemistry ProblemsChemistry GlossaryChemical Structures ArchiveInorganic ChemicalsElement PhotographsFamous ChemistsScience Lab Safety Signs Introduction to Chemistry 101 Learn about what chemistry is and how the science of chemistry is studied. What Is Chemistry?What Is a Chemical?What Is the Scientific Method? Math Basics Math is used in all the sciences, including chemistry. To learn chemistry, you need to understand algebra, geometry, and some trig, as well as be able to work in scientific notation and perform unit conversions. Accuracy Precision ReviewSignificant FiguresScientific NotationPhysical ConstantsMetric Base UnitsTable of Derived Metric UnitsMetric Unit PrefixesUnit CancellingTemperature ConversionsExperimental Error Calculations Atoms and Molecules Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms join together to form compounds and molecules. Learn about the parts of the atom and how atoms form bonds with other atoms. Basic Model of the AtomBohr ModelAtomic Mass Atomic Mass NumberTypes of Chemical BondsIonic vs Covalent BondsRules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersLewis Structures and Electron Dot ModelsIntroduction to Molecular GeometryWhat Is a Mole?More About Molecules MolesLaw of Multiple Proportions Stoichiometry Stoichiometry describes the proportions between atoms in molecules and reactants/products in chemical reactions. Learn about how matter reacts in predictable ways so that you can balance chemical equations. Types of Chemical ReactionsHow to Balance EquationsHow to Balance Redox ReactionsGram to Mole ConversionsLimiting Reactant Theoretical YieldMole Relations in Balanced EquationsMass Relations in Balanced Equations States of Matter The states of matter are defined by the structure of matter as well as whether it has a fixed shape and volume. Learn about the different states and how matter transforms itself from one state to another. States of MatterPhase Diagrams Chemical Reactions Once you have learned about atoms and molecules, youre ready to examine the type of chemical reactions that can occur. Reactions in WaterTypes of Inorganic Chemical Reactions Periodic Trends The properties of the elements exhibit trends based on the structure of their electrons. The trends or periodicity can be used to make predictions about the nature of the elements. Periodic Properties TrendsElement Groups Solutions Its important to understand how substance dissolve and how mixtures behave. Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, DispersionsCalculating Concentration Gases Gases exhibit special properties based on having no fixed size or shape. Introduction to Ideal GasesIdeal Gas LawBoyles LawCharles LawDaltons Law of Partial Pressures Acids Bases Acids and bases are concerned with the actions of hydrogen ions or protons in aqueous solutions. Acid Base DefinitionsCommon Acids BasesStrength of Acids BasesCalculating pHpH ScaleNegative pHBuffersSalt FormationHenderson-Hasselbalch EquationTitration BasicsTitration Curves Thermochemistry Physical Chemistry Learn about the relationships between matter and energy. Laws of ThermochemistryStandard State ConditionsCalorimetry, Heat Flow and EnthalphyBond Energy Enthalpy ChangeEndothermic Exothermic ReactionsWhat Is Absolute Zero? Kinetics Matter is always in motion! Learn about the motion of atoms and molecules, or kinetics. Factors that Affect Reaction RateChemical Reaction Order Atomic Electronic Structure Much of the chemistry that you learn is associated with electronic structure, since electrons can move around much more easily than protons or neutrons. Valences of the ElementsAufbau Principle Electronic StructureElectron Configuration of the ElementsAufbau Principle Electronic StructureNernst EquationQuantum Numbers Electron OrbitalsHow Magnets Work Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is concerned with the behavior of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Radiation RadioactivityIsotopes Nuclear SymbolsRate of Radioactive DecayAtomic Mass Atomic AbundanceCarbon-14 Dating Chemistry Practice Problems No matter how well you understand the text or the lecture, sometimes you need to see examples of how to approach and solve chemistry problems. Index of Worked Chemistry ProblemsPrintable Chemistry Worksheets Chemistry Quizzes Test your understanding of key chemistry concepts. How to Take a TestAtomic Structure QuizAcids Bases QuizChemical Bonds QuizElement Number QuizElement Picture QuizUnits of Measurement Quiz Science Fair Projects Doing a science fair project? Learn how to use the scientific method to design an experiment and test a hypothesis. Science Fair Project Help Other Useful Stuff Acids and BasesBefore You Buy a Chemistry TextbookCareers in ChemistryHigh School Courses Needed for College ChemLaboratory Safety RulesLesson PlansMaterial Safety Data SheetsStudy TipsTop Chemistry DemonstrationsTop Ways to Fail a Chemistry ClassWhat is the IUPAC?Why Get a Doctoral Degree?Why Students Fail Chemistry

Sinking of the Lusitania - World War I

Sinking of the Lusitania - World War I Sinking of the Lusitania - Conflict Dates: RMS Lusitania was torpedoed on May 7, 1915, during World War I (1914-1918). Sinking of the Lusitania - Background: Launched in 1906, by John Brown Co. Ltd. of Clydebank, RMS Lusitania was a luxury liner built for the famed Cunard Line. Sailing on the trans-Atlantic route, the ship gained a reputation for speed and won the Blue Riband for the fastest eastbound crossing in October 1907. As with many ships of its type, Lusitania was partially funded by a government subsidy scheme which called for the ship to be converted for use as an armed cruiser during wartime. While the structural requirements for such a conversion were incorporated into Lusitanias design, gun mounts were added to the ships bow during an overhaul in 1913. To hide these from passengers, the mounts were covered with coils of heavy docking lines during voyages. With the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Cunard was permitted to retain Lusitania in commercial service as the Royal Navy decided that large liners consumed too much coal and required crews too large to be effective raiders. Other Cunard ships were not as lucky as Mauritania and Aquitania were drafted into military service. Though it remained in passenger service, Lusitania underwent several wartime modifications including the addition of several additional compass platforms and cranes, as well as the painting black of its distinctive red funnels. In an effort to reduce costs, Lusitania began operating on a monthly sailing schedule and Boiler Room #4 was shut down. This latter move reduced the ships top speed to around 21 knots, which still made it the fastest liner operating in the Atlantic. It also allowed Lusitania to be ten knots faster than German u-boats. Sinking of Lusitania - Warnings: On February 4, 1915, the German government declared the seas around the British Isles to be a war zone and that beginning February 18, Allied ships in the area would be sunk without warning. As Lusitania was scheduled to reach Liverpool on March 6, the Admiralty provided Captain Daniel Dow with instructions on how to avoid submarines. With the liner approaching, two destroyers were dispatched to escort Lusitania into port. Unsure whether the approaching warships were British or German, Dow eluded them and reached Liverpool on his own. The following month, Lusitania departed for New York on April 17, with Captain William Thomas Turner in command. The commodore of the Cunard fleet, Turner was an experienced mariner and reached New York on the 24th. During this time, several concerned German-American citizens approached the German embassy in an effort to avoid controversy should the liner be attacked by a u-boat. Taking their concerns to heart, the embassy placed ads in fifty American newspapers on April 22 warning that neutral travelers aboard British-flagged vessels en route to the war zone sailed at their own risk. Usually printed next to Lusitanias sailing announcement, the German warning caused some agitation in the press and concern among the ships passengers. Citing that the ships speed made it nearly invulnerable to attack, Turner and his officers worked to calm those aboard. Sailing on May 1 as scheduled, Lusitania departed Pier 54 and began its return voyage. While the liner was crossing the Atlantic, U-20, commanded by Captain Lieutenant Walther Schwieger, was operating off the west and south coasts of Ireland. Between May 5 and 6, Schwieger sank three merchant vessels. Sinking of the Lusitania - Loss: His activity led the Admiralty, who was tracking his movements via intercepts, to issue submarine warnings for the south coast of Ireland. Turner twice received this message on May 6 and took several precautions including closing watertight doors, swinging out the lifeboats, doubling the lookouts, and blacking out the ship. Trusting the ships speed, he did not begin following a zi-zag course as recommended by the Admiralty. Upon receiving another warning around 11:00 AM on May 7, he turned northeast towards the coast, incorrectly believing that submarines would likely keep to the open sea. Possessing only three torpedoes and low on fuel, Schwieger had decided to return to base when a vessel was spotted around 1:00 PM. Diving, U-20 moved to investigate. Encountering fog, Turner slowed to 18 knots as the liner steered for Queenstown (Cosh), Ireland. As Lusitania crossed his bow, Schwieger opened fire at 2:10 PM. His torpedo hit the liner below the bridge on the starboard side. It was quickly followed by a second explosion in the starboard bow. While many theories have been put forward, the second was most likely caused by an internal steam explosion. Immediately sending an SOS, Turner tried steering the ship towards the coast with the goal of beaching it, but the steering failed to respond. Listing at 15 degrees, the engines pushed the ship forward, driving more water into the hull. Six minutes after the hit, the bow slipped under the water, which along with the increasingly list, severely hampered efforts to launch the lifeboats. As chaos swept the liners decks, many lifeboats were lost due to the ships speed or spilled their passengers as they were lowered. Around 2:28, eighteen minutes after the torpedo hit, Lusitania slipped beneath the waves approximately eight miles off the Old Head of Kinsale. Sinking of the Lusitania - Aftermath: The sinking claimed the lives of 1,198 of Lusitanias passengers and crew, with only 761 surviving. Among the dead were 128 American citizens. Immediately inciting international outrage, the sinking quickly turned public opinion against Germany and its allies. The German government attempted to justify the sinking by stating that Lusitania was classified as an auxiliary cruiser and was carrying military cargo. They were technically correct on both counts, as Lusitania was under orders to ram u-boats and its cargo included a shipment of bullets, 3-inch shells, and fuses. Outraged at the death of American citizens, many in the United States called for President Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany. While encouraged by the British, Wilson refused and urged restraint. Issuing three diplomatic notes in May, June, and July, Wilson affirmed the rights of US citizens to travel safely at sea and warned that future sinkings would be viewed as deliberately unfriendly. Following the sinking of the liner SS Arabic in August, American pressure bore fruit as the Germans offered an indemnity and issued orders prohibiting their commanders from surprise attacks on merchant vessels. That September, the Germans halted their campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare. Its resumption, along with other provocative acts such as the Zimmermann Telegram, would ultimately pull the United States into the conflict. Selected Sources PBS: Lost Liners - LusitaniaFirst World War: Sinking of the LusitaniaThe Lusitania

Communication Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Process - Research Paper Example These noises are barriers to communication which include filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotional discernment, lack of source familiarity or credibility, semantics, differences in meaning, and bias (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2009). These are some probable barriers to effective communication that an organization like New Orleans Police Department should address. In the New Orleans Police Department, there is an emancipation of change, but prior to this, effective communication is necessary for it to set the vision or direction for the entire organization. In fact, this department agrees to create a reporting system in place to monitor crime-watching activity, both in its external and internal operations (Schwartz, 2012). This is regarding its goal to alleviate corruption and other relevant activities that would hinder the emancipation of change in its organization. At this point, it is important to understand that the New Orleans Police Department is looking forward to achieve change by which communication plays an integral part. Its communication climate as of this moment includes group networks, trying to help one another to establish effective communication. So there is an association of all channel group network that effectively coordinate essential communication coming from the top hierarchy. The communication climate so far at New Orleans Police Department is organized based on integrating networks to ensure effective flow of communication process. Since it is still new with its implementation of effective communication strategy, New Orleans Police Department has great room for improvement and even a high level of flexibility to look for best alternatives. This has become its remarkable strength considering the fact that looking for best alternatives would ensure efficient flow of its operation. However, due to its relatively new policies, there is danger of information overload among personnel as this would incur enough time of familiarization. In this view, communication would need to become more dynamic and consistent. As of this moment, the presence of monitoring system just only proves the fact that New Orleans Department is looking forward to generate feedbacks in order to achieve effective outcome for its newly set direction. However, this alone could not suffice for the need to achieve better outcome of communication. In fact, the New Orleans Police Department is still on the process of communicating the appropriate direction. Aligning of its people towards the new direction is very essential. This makes communication plays a crucial role in its current move (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2009). At New Orleans Police Department, everybody is considered important in order to obtain successful output. Although vertical hierarchy is what it implements so placing high value for beaurocracy is a must, it ensures consistent flow of information to be exact from top to bottom line level in the management sys tem. There is just certain drawback in this system considering that not being able to deliver information from one channel to another could lead to mismatch information in the end if compared from the top. This is feasible considering that there are some important

Comparison of Christianity and Buddhism as Universal Religions Essay

Comparison of Christianity and Buddhism as Universal Religions - Essay Example In natural religion, individuals make choices to reject or accept given practices. However, ethnic religion makes an entire rejection of natural religion impossible. There are numerous natural religions, among them being Christianity and Buddhism. With universal religions, there is an active search for converts thereby not limited to a given people. Again, universal religions reflect in terms of individual salvation, which makes them voluntary. The salvation of an individual is independent of that of a community and neither does the community affects an individual’s salvation. Like other universal religions, Christianity and Buddhism have particular founders. This paper compares and contrasts Christianity and Buddhism as universal religions. Buddhists believe in no God. For the Buddhists, a supreme God is not known. In addition, Buddhism believes in no creator, omnipotent or omnipresent God. There is also no believe in a Lord over his creation. However, Buddhists believe that there exists only the eternalness of a remote emptiness or void. Emptiness, for the Buddhists, is inexistent (Hattaway 203). This implies that God does not exist. Christians, on the other hand, believe that there is a God who is all-loving and all Christians must have a relationship with Him. However, the existence of a loving and caring God to the Buddhists reflects ignorance. This is because desire results from ignorance. In addition, Christians believe in God as their creator who gave each man a purpose to live. For the Buddhists, the cause and effect of human living are Karma. As a result, Buddhists would equate God to Karma, ignorance, and void (Hattaway 204).

Minimum Wage Essay Example for Free

Minimum Wage Essay The minimum wage is the lowest rate at which a worker can be played. There she minimum wage laws pegged to hourly, daily and even monthly rates, although U. S. law is pegged to an hourly wage. Also, a minimum wage law usually makes it illegal for a person to sell his labor for less than the minimum wage rate The general purpose of the minimum wage is to guarantee a living wage to all workers who work a standard period of time, whatever that might be. In theory, any labor who works 40 houses a week on minimum wage should be at or above the poverty level line. However, the minimum wage has not kept up pace with the inflation in the United States and the cost of living increases more than the wage increases that are given and that way behind the standards Minimum wage laws were first started in Australia and New Zealand in the 1890s. The first minimum wage to be law was in Massachusetts in the 1912 but it only applied to children and women. The federal minimum wage was established in 1938 by the Fair Labor Standards Act. Initially set at 25 cents an hour, the wage has been raised periodically to reflect changes in inflation and productivity. That the mimic wages often involve protracted political battles, Did you know that one in five Americans worked in the poverty levels by the guide lines of the federal government,† Paul Oysterman, an economist at the M. I. T. Sloan School of Management wrote in a recent New York Times editorial. He says the current minimum wage is lower, in inflation-adjusted terms, than it was in 1968. Currently, 6 percent of all hourly workers make no more than the federal minimum wage of $7. 25, TIME. com In theory it sounds like a good idea to give everybody a raise, but at what expense? By raising minimum wage it was supposed to make it where people would be able to support themselves and get off of government assistance. Well, they did get a raise and are still on government assist. So my question is: what do you think they should make to be able to totally take care of themselves and their family? Do you think raising minimum wage is the answer? Do you realize that the businesses must be able to meet a payroll? When you raise minimum wage it causes a business to have to raise their prices if all possible which in turns makes their customer base upset, which in turn could cause layoff and less businesses hiring, which in turn means the business will not be properly taken care of because you cannot afford to staff it properly because you cannot afford to pay the higher wages. I own a restaurant which hires people 16 years and older. Now when you hire a person in and they start off earning top wages and there is no bottom, then there is no reason from them to try and do better because you cannot afford to give them raises. I feel like the government is wanting business to be the new welfare system and we cannot afford to be. Please stop this and let the business decide how much an employee is worth. Minimum wage was created to be a starting point in people lives not a living. Our government doesnt want good paying jobs so they are trying to make minimum wage work for the people and it will not! Restaurants and other businesses that pay minimum wage are for a reason. We do not charge a lot for our products, therefore, we cannot afford to pay a lot for our help and you do not need a college education to work at a minimum wage job. Stop this before there are even fewer jobs. Right now I have to raise my prices due to Ohio raising their minimum wage again. Let me decide who gets the raise not the government! Twenty percent of those living on the minimum wage the last time it was raised in 1991 were in poverty, and an additional 13% were near poverty. In 1993, the President expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which raised income for 15 million families, helping many working families move above the poverty line. Yet to complete the goal of insuring that full-time working families are out of poverty, we need to raise the minimum wage. Recent analysis by the Economic Policy Institute and preliminary work by the Department of Health and Human Services suggests that 300,000 people would be lifted out of poverty if the minimum wage was raised to $5. 15 per hour. This figure includes 100,000 children who are currently living in poverty. But the debate has been muddied by several myths that anti-minimum wage forces repeat at every opportunity. Myth: The only Americans working for the minimum wage are teenagers. Reality: 63 percent of minimum-wage workers are adults age 20 or over. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) Myth: Minimum wage workers dont support families. Reality: The last time the federal minimum wage was increased, the average minimum wage worker brought home 51 percent of his or her familys weekly earnings. (Source: Analysis of Census Bureaus Current Population Survey by Professors David Card and Alan Krueger) Myth: Raising the minimum wage hurts the poor by causing job loss. Reality: Nearly 10 million working Americans would get a pay raise if the minimum wage is increased to $5. l5 per hour. As Nobel Prize-winning economist Robert Solow said, [T]his evidence of job loss is weak. And the fact that the evidence is weak suggests that the impact on jobs is small. (Source: New York Times, January 12, 1995) Myth: The only study showing that raising the minimum wage does not cost jobs was a study funded by the U. S. Labor Department. Reality: One major study conducted in 1992 and financed by Princeton University and the University of Wisconsin was published by two Princeton University economists. One of those economists later joined the Labor Department. (Source: Washington Post, January 11, 1995) Furthermore, a similar conclusion has been reached by at least ten other independent studies. Myth: Raising the minimum wage will have a negligible impact on peoples lives. Reality: A 90-cent per hour increase in the minimum wage means an additional $l,800 for a minimum wage earner who works full-time, year round as much as the average family spends on groceries in more than 7 months. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) Myth: Increasing the minimum wage has always been a bitter, partisan issue that only Democrats have supported. Reality: In 1989, the last time the minimum wage was increased, the House of Representatives vote in favor of the the current poverty line for a family of 4 is $15,600. A family of 4 with one worker earning $4. 5 an hour and working full-time year round ($8,500) would receive a tax credit of $3,400 under the 1996 provisions of the EITC, will collect food stamps worth $3,5l6, and will pay $650 in payroll taxes. This family would end up $834 below the poverty line. On the other hand, for a family of 4 with one worker earning $l0,300 (a full-time year round worker at $5. l5 per hour), the EITC would provide the maximum tax credit ($3,560), food stamps would provide $2,876, and they would pay $788 in payroll taxes. The increase in the minimum wage along with EITC and food stamps would lift this family out of poverty. Overtime Federal law requires that employees who are not exempt receive overtime pay for any time worked beyond forty hours in any one workweek. The rate of overtime pay is one and one-half times the employees regular rate of pay, and must be paid in wages, not in goods or time off. A workweek is defined as one period of 168 hours, or seven consecutive twenty-four hour periods. The workweek may start at any time, or on any day, as long as the starting day and time are applied consistently. Employees who are eligible for overtime pay may not waive their right to receive overtime

Anabolic Steroid Use in Baseball :: essays research papers

In American high schools across the country, many people buy, sell, and use drugs. In addition, these people influence everyone around them. On these campuses, some of the people influenced by this illegal activity are sports players. One of the sports most affected is baseball. Doping in baseball is wrong because it ruins baseball's reputation, it negatively influences the athlete's health, and the drugs are bad for young people who hold up athletes as role models. Reputation Baseball?s reputation has been painted with a red asterisk. The non-medical use of steroids has been banned according to the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990. Many baseball athletes have been caught or presumed illegal users of HGH or Steroids since the act passed in 1990. All these athletes have one thing in common, they want to have an edge or advantage on the game. Some athletes even admit to administering the drug to other athletes and themselves. Jose Conseco testified to personally injecting the steroids into Mark McGuire (Cote). Baseball?s pride and joy the Hall of Fame is constantly the conversation of self-morals and integrity. The Hall of Fame has asked its voters to consider the players integrity and personality as a whole. The Hall of Fame committee asks that the voters wait until they see truthfulness, integrity, and contrition. Cooperstown is unique compared to the NFL?s Hall of Fame in that Cooperstown actually has a morals clause. This clause states what Cooperstown has been asking the public to consider in the overall integrity of the player. The bottom line is the public believes steroids are illegal and that in any case shall athletes use steroids to get an edge on the game (Cote). Steroids are widespread and can be very costly. According to a survey, there are more than 3 million steroid users in the US. Of that number, 262,000 are teen athletes. There are over $400 million worth of steroids sold each year. Steroids cost anywhere around $50 to $600 a month depending on how much the user uses. In addition, 1 out of 15 high school athletes have admitted to using steroids (Peck). Many baseball athletes believe steroids will give them an edge on the game by making themselves stronger. This is true in the respect that it makes the athlete stronger and more superior but they also cause more problems then they solve.

How Technology Affects our Lives Essay

Technology is very much a part of modern life. Many people see technology as force that escaped from human control, others feel that technology has improved the quality of life. The issue of technology being a part of modern life is a controversial one. Some feel that the contribution of technology has made a positive impact in modern life that technology helps improve the quality of life. But still it’s in a big question. Technology’s role in our lives is astonishing. Its effect on the way we communicate has changed the English language forever. In â€Å"In the Beginning Was the Word† Christine Rosen tells how technology has a huge negative effect on our lives today. She also explains that because we are so attached to our electronic devices, we are creating more distractions for ourselves. In â€Å"Three Tweets for the Web† Tyler Cowen believes that internet soon will completely overcome books. He also says that technology is forcing us to multitask. Today for younger generation internet can provide faster and more accurate information on Google than going to a library and doing a research. Cowen begins his essay that printed word isn’t dead yet and that we won’t end up on internet. He says â€Å"For today’s younger people, Google is more likely to provide a formative cultural experience than The Catcher in the Rye or Catch-22 or even the Harry Potter novels. There is no question that books are becoming less central to our cultural life† (245). We want to get the information quickly, we don’t want to wait extra hours or even days for it. Rosen says â€Å"Today, of course, abridgment and abbreviation are the norm, and our impatience for information has trained even those of us who never cracked an issue of Reader’s Digest to prefer 60-second news cycles to 62 condensed pages per month† (204). We pay more attention to the information which we got from the internet, than we did anywhe re else. At the same time technology is making us multitask, multitasking is not an easy thing to do and it takes a lot of brain activity. Cowen writes â€Å"The mass migration of intellectual activity from print to the Web has brought one important development: We have begun paying more attention to information. Overall, that is a big plus for the new world order† (246). He also mentions â€Å"It is easy to dismiss this cornucopia as information overload. We have all seen people scrolling with one hand through a BlackBerry while pecking out instant messages (IMs) on a laptop with the other and eyeing a television (I  will not say â€Å"watching†). But even though it is easy to see signs of overload in our busy lives, the reality is that most of us carefully regulate this massive inflow of information to create something uniquely suited to our particular interests and needs – a rich and highly personalized blend of cultural gleanings† (246). Technology has even pushed authors to make the readings more consumer-friendly. Rosen explains that â€Å"The digital revolution has also transformed the experience of reading by making it more consumer-oriented. With the advent of electronic readers (and cellphones that can double as e-readers), the book is no longer merely a thing you purchase, but a service to which you subscribe. With the purchase of a traditional book, your consumer ends when you walk out of the bookstore. With a wirelessly connected Kindle or Iphone, or your Wi-Fi-enabled computer, you exist in a perpetual state of potential consumerism† (205). To sum everything up both, Christine Rosen and Tylen Cowen thinks that technology does have a huge impact to the language. It still has some good features, such as: it allows us to multitask faster and better, we can save time by just looking something up we need on Google, and for last if we still want to read a book, we can always just subscribe to a e-book provider, then you just download the e-book on your phone, tablet, or computer and here you go! So what all that means is that technology didn’t really killed printed word, even though we’re most likely to choose to read electronically, we still read.

Deception Point Page 38

Tench stood suddenly, her lanky frame dominating the cramped space. With the cigarette dangling from her lips, she walked over to a wall safe, removed a thick manila envelope, returned to the desk, and sat back down. Gabrielle eyed the burgeoning envelope. Tench smiled, cradling the envelope in her lap like a poker player holding a royal flush. Her yellowed fingertips flicked at the corner, making an annoying repetitive scratch, as if savoring the anticipation. Gabrielle knew it was just her own guilty conscience, but her first fears were that the envelope contained some kind of proof of her sexual indiscretion with the senator. Ridiculous, she thought. The encounter had occurred after hours in Sexton's locked senatorial office. Not to mention, if the White House actually had any evidence, they would have gone public with it already. They may be suspicious, Gabrielle thought, but they don't have proof. Tench crushed out her cigarette. â€Å"Ms. Ashe, whether or not you are aware, you are caught in the middle of a battle that has been raging behind the scenes in Washington since 1996.† This opening gambit was not at all what Gabrielle expected. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Tench lit another cigarette. Her spindly lips curled around it, and the tip glowed red. â€Å"What do you know about a bill called the Space Commercialization Promotions Act?† Gabrielle had never heard of it. She shrugged, lost. â€Å"Really?† Tench said. â€Å"That surprises me. Considering your candidate's platform. The Space Commercialization Promotions Act was proposed back in 1996 by Senator Walker. The bill, in essence, cites the failure of NASA to do anything worthwhile since putting a man on the moon. It calls for the privatization of NASA by immediately selling off NASA assets to private aerospace companies and allowing the free-market system to explore space more efficiently, thus relieving the burden NASA now places on taxpayers.† Gabrielle had heard NASA critics suggest privatization as a solution to NASA's woes, but she was not aware the idea had actually taken the form of an official bill. â€Å"This commercialization bill,† Tench said, â€Å"has been presented to Congress four times now. It is similar to bills that have successfully privatized government industries like uranium production. Congress has passed the space commercialization bill all four times it has seen it. Thankfully, the White House vetoed it on all occasions. Zachary Herney has had to veto it twice.† â€Å"Your point?† â€Å"My point is that this bill is one Senator Sexton will certainly support if he becomes President. I have reason to believe Sexton will have no qualms about selling off NASA assets to commercial bidders the first chance he gets. In short, your candidate would support privatization over having American tax dollars fund space exploration.† â€Å"To my knowledge, the senator has never commented publicly about his stance on any Space Commercialization Promotions Act.† â€Å"True. And yet knowing his politics, I assume you would not be surprised if he supported it.† â€Å"Free-market systems tend to breed efficiency.† â€Å"I'll take that as a ‘yes.'† Tench stared. â€Å"Sadly, privatizing NASA is an abominable idea, and there are countless reasons why every White House administration since the bill's inception has shot it down.† â€Å"I've heard the arguments against privatizing space,† Gabrielle said, â€Å"and I understand your concerns.† â€Å"Do you?† Tench leaned toward her. â€Å"Which arguments have you heard?† Gabrielle shifted uneasily. â€Å"Well, the standard academic fears mostly-the most common being that if we privatize NASA, our current pursuit of scientific space knowledge would be quickly abandoned in favor of profitable ventures.† â€Å"True. Space science would die in a heartbeat. Instead of spending money to study our universe, private space companies would strip-mine asteroids, build tourist hotels in space, offer commercial satellite launch services. Why would private companies bother studying the origins of our universe when it would cost them billions and show no financial return?† â€Å"They wouldn't,† Gabrielle countered. â€Å"But certainly a National Endowment for Space Science could be founded to fund academic missions.† â€Å"We already have that system in place. It's called NASA.† Gabrielle fell silent. â€Å"The abandonment of science in favor of profits is a side issue,† Tench said. â€Å"Hardly relevant compared to the utter chaos that would result by permitting the private sector to run free in space. We would have the wild west all over again. We would see pioneers staking claims on the moon and on asteroids and protecting those claims with force. I've heard petitions from companies who want to build neon billboards that blink advertisements in the nighttime sky. I've seen petitions from space hotels and tourist attractions whose proposed operations include ejecting their trash into the void of space and creating orbiting trash heaps. In fact, I just read a proposal yesterday from a company that wants to turn space into a mausoleum by launching the deceased into orbit. Can you imagine our telecommunications satellites colliding with dead bodies? Last week, I had a billionaire CEO in my office who was petitioning to launch a mission to a near-field asteroid, drag it clos er to earth, and mine it for precious minerals. I actually had to remind this guy that dragging asteroids into near earth orbit posed potential risks of global catastrophe! Ms. Ashe, I can assure you, if this bill passes, the throngs of entrepreneurs rushing into space will not be rocket scientists. They will be entrepreneurs with deep pockets and shallow minds.† â€Å"Persuasive arguments,† Gabrielle said, â€Å"and I'm sure the senator would weigh those issues carefully if he ever found himself in a position to vote on the bill. Might I ask what any of this has to do with me?† Tench's gaze narrowed over her cigarette. â€Å"A lot of people stand to make a lot of money in space, and the political lobby is mounting to remove all restrictions and open the floodgates. The veto power of the office of the President is the only remaining barrier against privatization†¦ against complete anarchy in space.† â€Å"Then I commend Zach Herney for vetoing the bill.† â€Å"My fear is that your candidate would not be so prudent if elected.† â€Å"Again, I assume the senator would carefully weigh all the issues if he were ever in a position to pass judgment on the bill.† Tench did not look entirely convinced. â€Å"Do you know how much Senator Sexton spends on media advertising?† The question came out of left field. â€Å"Those figures are public domain.† â€Å"More than three million a month.† Gabrielle shrugged. â€Å"If you say so.† The figure was close. â€Å"That's a lot of money to spend.† â€Å"He's got a lot of money to spend.† â€Å"Yes, he planned well. Or rather, married well.† Tench paused to blow smoke. â€Å"It's sad about his wife, Katherine. Her death hit him hard.† A tragic sigh followed, clearly feigned. â€Å"Her death was not all that long ago, was it?† â€Å"Come to your point, or I'm leaving.† Tench let out a lung-shaking cough and reached for the burgeoning manila folder. She pulled out a small stack of stapled papers and handed them to Gabrielle. â€Å"Sexton's financial records.† Gabrielle studied the documents in astonishment. The records went back several years. Although Gabrielle was not privy to the internal workings of Sexton's finances, she sensed this data was authentic-banking accounts, credit card accounts, loans, stock assets, real estate assets, debts, capital gains and losses. â€Å"This is private data. Where did you get this?†

Biography of Alfred Nobel, Inventor of Dynamite

Biography of Alfred Nobel, Inventor of Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel (October 21, 1833–December 10, 1896) was a Swedish inventor, chemist, and businessman known for inventing dynamite and establishing the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, Peace, and Literature. Fast Facts: Alfred Nobel Occupation: ChemistKnown For: Inventor of dynamite; established the Nobel PrizesBorn: October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, SwedenParents: Immanuel and Karolina NobelEducation: Private teachers in St. Petersburg and lab work in Paris (no formal degree)Died: December 10, 1896 in San Remo, Italy Early Life Alfred Nobel was born October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden, one of 8 children born to Immanuel and Andriette Nobel. The same year Nobel was born, his father, a building constructor, went bankrupt due to financial misfortune and a fire that destroyed much of his work. In 1837, Immanuel left Stockholm for Russia, establishing himself in St. Petersburg as a successful mechanical engineer providing equipment for the Russian Army. Immanuel’s work included explosive mines, which would detonate when a ship hit them. These mines worked by using a small explosion to set off big ones, an insight which would be important to inventing dynamite. Immanuel’s family joined him in St. Petersburg in 1842. There, Nobel was educated by private teachers, learning the natural sciences, languages, and literature. One of Nobel’s chemistry teachers was Professor Nikolai Zinin, who first told Nobel about nitroglycerine, the explosive chemical in dynamite. Though Nobel was interested in poetry, his father wanted him to become an engineer and sent him abroad to study chemical engineering. Nobel never obtained a degree or attended a university. However, he worked in the lab of Professor Jules Pà ©louze in Paris. Mass Production of Nitroglycerine In 1847, the Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero discovered nitroglycerine. Though the explosive power of this chemical was much greater than gunpowder’s, it was incredibly difficult to handle and could explode unpredictably. Because of this, people avoided dynamite. In 1852, Nobel came back to work in his father’s business, which was successful because it worked with the Russian Army. In 1856, however, the Crimean War ended and the army cancelled its orders, leading Nobel and his father to look for new products to sell. Nobel and his father had heard of nitroglycerine from Professor Zinin, who had shown them nitroglycerine some time at the beginning of the Crimean War. They began working on nitroglycerine together.  One idea, for example, was to use nitroglycerine to improve explosives for Immanuels mines. However, Immanuel was not able to achieve any notable improvement. Nobel, on the other hand, made significant strides with the chemical. In 1859, Immanuel was facing bankruptcy again, and returned to Sweden with his wife and another of his sons. Meanwhile, Nobel stayed in St. Petersburg with his brothers Ludvig and Robert. However, his brothers soon focused on rebuilding the family business, eventually turning it into an oil empire called The Brothers Nobel. In 1863, Nobel returned to Stockholm and continued working with nitroglycerine. One year later, he filed a patent for the blasting cap, a detonator that could be ignited by lighting a fuse. This invention revolutionized the field of explosives, and was integral to the development of modern explosives. Nobel’s new blasting technique garnered significant attention from mining companies and the state railways, which began to use it in their construction work. However, a series of explosions involving the chemical- including one which killed Nobel’s brother Emil- convinced authorities that nitroglycerine was extremely dangerous. The use of nitroglycerine was banned in Stockholm, and Nobel continued to manufacture the chemical on a barge on a lake near the city. Despite the high risk involved in using nitroglycerine, the chemical had become essential to mining and railway construction. In 1864, Nobel began the mass production of nitroglycerine in Stockholm, founding companies throughout Europe. However, several accidents with nitroglycerine led authorities to introduce regulations restricting the manufacture and transport of explosives. Invention of Dynamite Nobel continued looking for ways to make nitroglycerine safer. During his experiments, he found that combining nitroglycerine with kieselguhr (also called diatomaceous earth; mostly made of silica) formed a paste which allowed the chemical to be shaped and detonated on command. He patented this invention in 1867, calling it â€Å"dynamite† after the Greek word for power (dynamis). The demand for Nobel’s dynamite surged. Since the user could control the explosions, it had many applications in construction work, including tunnel blasting and road building. Nobel continued building companies and laboratories all over the world, amassing a fortune. He developed other explosives as well, such as blasting gelatin- which had even more explosive power- and ballistite, a smokeless gunpowder. Though dynamite was Nobel’s main business, he also worked on other products, such as synthetic leather and artificial silk. Later Life and Death At the age of 43, Nobel advertised himself in a newspaper: â€Å"Wealthy, highly educated elderly gentleman seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household.† The Austrian countess Bertha Kinsky answered the call, but two weeks later she returned to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Nobel and Bertha continued to correspond with one another even as she became increasingly critical of the arms race and he continued to work on explosives. He may have justified his decision to Bertha with the rationale that he could create something so destructive and terrible that it would stop all wars forever. Alfred Nobel died of a stroke on December 10, 1896 in San Remo, Italy. The Nobel Prize After Nobel died in 1896, his will stated that his fortune should be used for prizes in five categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. (The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, also known as the Nobel Prize in Economics, was established much later, in 1968.) His will was executed by two engineers, who formed the Nobel Foundation to coordinate Nobel’s finances and award the prizes. Nobel’s choices for scientific prizes may have been influenced by his background in science and invention. The founding of the peace prize may have been influenced by the peace activist Countess Bertha von Suttner, or his guilt for creating a material that was so destructive. After Nobel’s death, Bertha was awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize for her work. Sources Jorpes, J. Erik. â€Å"Alfred Nobel.† British Medical Journal, 1959, pp. 1–6.Livni, Ephrat. â€Å"The Nobel Prize Was Created to Make People Forget Its Inventors Past.† Quartz, 2 Oct. 2017, qz.com/1092033/nobel-prize-2017-the-inventor-of-the-awards-alfred-nobel-didnt-want-to-be-remembered-for-his-work/.Ringertz, Nils. â€Å"Alfred Nobel - His Life and Work.† Nature Reviews - Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 2, 2001, pp. 1–4.

Quotes by Audre Lorde, Black Feminist Lesbian Activist

Quotes by Audre Lorde, Black Feminist Lesbian Activist Audre Lorde once described herself as a black-lesbian feminist mother lover poet. Born to parents from the West Indies, she grew up in New York City. She wrote and occasionally published poetry and was active in the 1960s movements for civil rights, feminism, and against the Vietnam War. She was a critic of what she saw as feminisms blindness to racial differences and fear of lesbians being involved. She attended Hunter College in New York from 1951 through 1959, working at odd jobs while also writing poetry and earned a masters degree in library science in 1961. She worked as a librarian through 1968, when her first volume of poetry was published. During the 1960s she married Edward Ashley Rollins. They had two children together and divorced in 1970. She was with Frances Clayton, who she met in Mississippi, until 1989 when Gloria Joseph became her partner. She continued her outspoken ways, especially through her poetry, even during her 14-year struggle with breast cancer. Audre Lorde died in 1992. Feminism I am a Black Feminist. I mean I recognize that my power as well as my primary oppressions come as a result of my blackness as well as my womaness, and therefore my struggles on both of these fronts are inseparable. For the masters tools will never dismantle the masters house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change. And this fact is only threatening to those women who still define the masters house as their only source of support. What woman here is so enamored of her own oppression that she cannot see her heelprint upon another womans face? What womans terms of oppression have become precious and necessary to her as a ticket into the fold of the righteous, away from the cold winds of self-scrutiny? We welcome all women who can meet us, face to face, beyond objectification and beyond guilt. For women, the need and desire to nurture each other is not pathological but redemptive, and it is within that knowledge that our real power I rediscovered. It is this real connection which is so feared by a patriarchal world. Only within a patriarchal structure is maternity the only social power open to women. The failure of academic feminists to recognize difference as a crucial strength is a failure to reach beyond the first patriarchal lesson. In our world, divide and conquer must become define and empower. Every woman I have ever known has made a lasting impression on my soul. Every woman I have ever loved has left her print upon me, where I loved some invaluable piece of myself apart from me- so different that I had to stretch and grow in order to recognize her. And in that growing, we came to separation, that place where work begins. Advocating the mere tolerance of difference between women is the grossest reformism. It is a total denial of the creative function of difference  in our lives. Difference must be not merely tolerated, but seen as a fund of necessary polarities between which our creativity can spark like a dialectic.   The love expressed between women is particular and powerful because we have had to love in order to live; love has been our survival. But the true feminist deals out of a lesbian consciousness whether or not she ever sleeps with women. Part of the lesbian consciousness is an absolute recognition of the erotic within our lives and, taking that a step further, dealing with the erotic not only in sexual terms. Poetry and Activism Without community, there is no liberation. When I dare to be powerful- to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it becomes less and less important whether I am afraid. I am deliberate and afraid of nothing. Who I am is what fulfills me and what fulfills the vision I have of a world. Even the smallest victory is never to be taken for granted. Each victory must be applauded. Revolution is not a onetime event. I have come to believe over and over again that what is most important to me must be spoken, made verbal and shared, even at the risk of having it bruised or misunderstood. Life is very short and what we have to do must be done in the now. We are powerful because we have survived. If I didnt define myself for myself, I would be crunched into other peoples fantasies for me and eaten alive. For women, then, poetry is not a luxury. It is a vital necessity of our existence. It forms the quality of the light within which we predicate our hopes and dreams toward survival and change, first made into language, then into idea, then into more tangible action. Poetry is the way we help give name  to the nameless so it can be thought. The farthest horizons of our hopes and fears are cobbled by our poems, carved from the rock experiences of our daily lives. Poetry is not only dream and vision; it is the skeleton architecture of our lives. It lays the foundations for a future of change, a bridge across our fears of what has never been before. Our poems formulate the implications of ourselves, that we feel within and dare make real (or bring action into accordance with), our fear, our hopes, our most cherished terrors. Attend me, hold me in your muscular flowering arms, protect me from throwing any part of myself away. Our visions begin with our desires. Our feelings are our most genuine paths to knowledge. As we come to know, accept, and explore our feelings, they will become sanctuaries and fortresses and spawning grounds for the most radical and daring of ideas- the house of difference so necessary to change and the conceptualization of any meaningful action. The sharing of joy, whether physical, emotional, psychic, or intellectual, forms a bridge between the sharers which can be the basis for understanding much of what is not shared between them, and lessens the threat of their difference. It is not our differences that divide us. It is our inability to recognize, accept, and celebrate those differences. In our work and in our living, we must recognize that difference is a reason for celebration and growth, rather than a reason for destruction. To encourage excellence is to go beyond the encouraged mediocrity of our society. If our history has taught us anything, it is that action for change directed against the external conditions of our oppressions is not enough. The quality of light by which we scrutinize our lives has direct bearing upon the product which we live, and upon the changes which we hope to bring about through those lives. Each time you love, love as deeply as if it were forever / Only, nothing is eternal. I write for those women who do not speak, for those who do not have a voice because they were so terrified, because we are taught to respect fear more than ourselves. Weve been taught that silence would save us, but it wont. When we speak we are afraid our words will not be heard or welcomed. But when we are silent, we are still afraid. So it is better to speak. I realize that if I wait until I am no longer afraid to act, write, speak, be, Ill be sending messages on a Ouija board, cryptic complaints from the other side. But the question is a matter of the survival and the teaching. Thats what our work comes down to. No matter where we key into it, its the same work, just different pieces of ourselves doing it. My Black womans anger is a molten pond at the core of me, my most fiercely guarded secret. Your silence will not protect you! For we have been socialized to respect fear more than our own needs for language and definition, and while we wait in silence for that final luxury of fearlessness, the weight of that silence will choke us. We tend to think of the erotic as an easy, tantalizing sexual arousal. I speak of the erotic as the deepest life force, a force which moves us toward living in a fundamental way. The learning process is something you can incite, literally incite, like a riot. Art is not living. It is the use of living. My anger has meant pain to me but it has also meant survival, and before I give it up Im going to be sure that there is something at least as powerful to replace it on the road to clarity. Hopefully, we can learn from the 60s that we cannot afford to do our enemies work by destroying each other. There are no new ideas. There are only new ways of making them felt. Racism The energies I gain from my work help me neutralize those implanted forces of negativity and self-destructiveness that is White Americas way of making sure I keep whatever is powerful and creative within me unavailable, ineffective, and non-threatening. You have to learn to love yourself before you can love me or accept my loving. Know we are worthy of touch before we can reach out for each other. Not cover that sense of worthlessness with I dont want you or it doesnt matter or white folks feel, Black folks do. Black women sharing close ties with each other, politically or emotionally, are not the enemies of Black men. In discussions around the hiring and firing of Black faculty at universities, the charge is frequently heard that Black women are more easily hired than are Black men. As I have said elsewhere, it is not the destiny of black America to repeat white Americas mistakes. But we will, if we mistake the trappings of success in a sick society for the signs of a meaningful life. If black men continue to do so, defining femininity in its archaic European terms, this augurs ill for our survival as a people, let alone our survival as individuals. Freedom and future for blacks do not mean absorbing the dominant white male disease. As black people, we cannot begin our dialogue by denying the oppressive nature of male privilege. And if black males choose to assume that privilege, for whatever reason, raping, brutalizing, and killing women, then we cannot ignore black male oppression. One oppression does not justify another. But, on the other hand, I get bored with racism too and recognize that there are still many things to be said about a Black person and a White person loving each other in a racist society. Black writers, of whatever quality, who step outside the pale of what black writers are supposed to write about, or who black writers are supposed to be, are condemned to silences in black literary circles that are as total and as destructive as any imposed by racism. Intersectionality There is no such thing as a single-issue struggle because we do not live single-issue lives. Theres always someone asking you to underline one piece of yourself- whether its Black, woman, mother, dyke, teacher, etc.- because thats the piece that they need to key in to. They want to dismiss everything else. We are African women and we know, in our bloods telling, the tenderness with which our foremothers held each other. Black women are programmed to define ourselves within this male attention and to compete with each other for it rather than to recognize and move upon our common interests. I am who I am, doing what I came to do, acting upon you like a drug or chisel or remind you of your me-ness as I discover you in myself. Only by learning to live in harmony with your contradictions can you keep it all afloat. When we create out of our experiences, as feminists of color, women of color, we have to develop those structures that will present and circulate our culture. We cannot continue to evade each other on the deepest levels because we fear each others angers, nor continue to believe that respect means never looking directly nor with openness into another black womans eyes. I remember how being young and black and gay and lonely felt. A lot of it was fine, feeling I had the truth and the light and the key, but a lot of it was purely hell.

Napoleon The Third Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Napoleon The Third - Term Paper Example Any dissenting and uprisings were thoroughly repressed and intimidation tactics were employed in electoral processes. The second Empire was established in November, 1852 with Louis Napoleon becoming Emperor Napoleon III. For the next years, Napoleon III used dictatorial leadership style and encouraged both railway construction and establishment of the first French Investment bank. Napoleon provided better housing and free medical care for workers in order to reduce the tensions among the working class. Napoleon also reconstructed Paris by ensuring new water supply, sewage systems and circular plazas (Spielvogel 666). Napoleon III is considered to have personal power since he asserted that â€Å"nothing could trouble the clear vision of his judgment or the strength of his resolution†. Napoleon foreign policy contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany. Napoleon participated in the Crimean War between 1854 and 1856 and is idea was to free the French from the early ideolo gy that France should not participate in peace arbitration across Europe that had been implemented in 1814 to 1815. Napoleon III undertook an aggressive foreign policy in all major wars and confrontations across the globe. His pursuit for French supremacy in Europe led to success in Crimean war in the 1850s and the ultimate unification of Italy and Germany (Spielvogel 666). In Italy, Napoleon III wanted to prevent Spain and Austria from extending the authority to papal Rome and intervened militarily in order to restore the authority of pope in Rome. The revolutions of 1848 led to nationalism ideas across the Italian Peninsula as Lombardy tried to rise against the influence of Austria dominance in the region. The kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Prime minister Count Camillo di Cavour secured a diplomatic alliance with Napoleon III in 1859 before the onset of Franco-Austrian War. The Austrian Army was considered a common enemy and was defeated by Piedmont and French forces at Solferino an d Magenta thus surrendering Lombardy. In early 1860, Italian states voted to join the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia while Nice and Savoy was relinquished to France. By 1862, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with only Venetia and Rome outside the kingdom. Napoleon III was interested in protecting the Papal States and Rome from any Italian occupation, but Prussia declared the Franco-Prussian War (1879-1871). Italians took advantage of the ongoing Franco-Prussian war and invaded the Papal States and Rome and annexed them to the Kingdom of Italy. Finally, the Italian capital became Rome thus symbolizing the final unification of Italy (Spielvogel 668). The outcomes of Prussian war surprised Napoleon, but Napoleon III tried to tighten his ties with anti-Prussian South German states but Germans had become economically advanced and nationalistic. The German revolutionaries of 1848 advocated for national militia and trial by jury. Bismarck advocated for real-politik and allied with Austria in fighting Danes in 1862 in order to protect Holstein which was a member of German Confederation. After the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Prussia annexed some German states while allowing some Austrian states to maintain a considerable level of independence. In 1867, Bismarck a union of the Northern German states under pretext of Prussia and several German states in the north joined the German Confederat

Proof read and punctuate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Proof read and punctuate - Essay Example Sharks have long been credited to have survived more than any other species on this planet as they survived the ice age and maintain their balance, but the same animals are today on the verge of their extinction due to massive hunting by humans. About 6 years back, when I was 13 years old, I weighed nearly 100 kg. My father was concerned about my weight and put me in a weight loss camp where I was introduced to sports and eventually developed a love for the same and it helped me to lose 30 kg. From then on I have accustomed myself to play sports daily and the constant fear that I would gain weight goaded me to play more. I began playing street soccer which I found to be a really amazing game. I enjoyed the sport so much that I kept thinking about the team and sometimes even dreamt about the goals I had scored during my sleep. My team friends became closer than my family and we all endured the pain and exhaustion of the sport together. Continuous and fervent practice helped us become the second best team in the street soccer league and three of my friends had already begun to play for teams. One day we were playing with this Egyptian team who had come from Cairo, when I started to show off my tricks and moves specifically in the defense. My teammate Majdi was getting irritated with me as after scoring 2 goals I was no longer concentrating in scoring goals. He was always rough with me and so I just wanted him to feel bad. When he pulled my shirt I ran faster so that the referee would see and when he wanted to tackle me hard I jumped or moved from the ball, thus allowing others to see him and feel disgusted about him. In one instance I got the ball which Saud, my cousin, crossed over from the far right and taking the ball I did this trick while passing Majdi and Hassam, who was the other defense. I then passed the goal keeper and was walking slow as I wanted to go down and push the ball with my head when Majdi came

American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Indian - Essay Example There is, however, another side to Native American history, a much more positive story that is missing from accounts that treat Indian history merely as an on-going tragedy. This is a story of cultural persistence and survival. The key themes of Native American history are continuity, resistance, resilience, and adaptability in the face of extraordinary challenges and dislocations (Native American Voices). The Indians have great capacity for adaptability. The survivors splintered, migrated, and ultimately amalgamated to form new groups and devise strategies for dealing with the invaders (Indian History and Culture). Native Americans struggled to preserve the fundamental aspects of their cultures while adapting to the changes brought about by the Europeans (New American Voices). American Indians were not simply a band of small migratory bands that existed by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants. In fact, Native American societies were rich, diverse, and sophisticated (New Ameri can Voices). Throughout their history, Native Americans have been dynamic agents of change. Food discovered and domesticated by Native Americans would transform the diet of Europe and Asia.

Standing order by the chief mate

Standing order by the chief mate GENERAL: Handing over / Taking over of watches and conduct during watches in port to be in strict compliance with relevant Checklist. The duty officer is to ensure that the vessel is complying with International and Port regulations and company guidelines as laid down in the SMS Manuals and Circulars.Should the duty officer have any doubts regarding any aspect, he is to bring same to the notice of Chief Officer/ Master immediately. Duty officers should note drafts fwd, aft and midships along with density of dock water prior commencement of loading or discharging,and same to be reflected in the port and deck log book and brought to the notice of the relieving officer. Frequent draft checks to be made also during loading / discharging to cross check loading / discharging sequence and final trimming prior sailing. Hand lead soundings around the ship to be taken as soon as practicable after berthing, if deemed necessary due to low UKC expected during any stage of loading / discharging.The duty officer to be aware of the air draft limitations and available and minimum required UKC at all times. In case of berths where vessels pass by causing the vessel to surge forward and aft, the duty officer and the duty AB to be standby at moorings and gangway, and if required ask for additional help.Further moorings to be ensured tight at all times. Method of contacting shore authorities for emergency / assistance, such as telephone numbers, VHF channels on which continuous watch maintained is to be obtained from Agents/Stevedores and posted in Deck Office. VHF should always be on low power when loading /discharging. The weather report to be read from the Sat-C, and any adverse weather predictions for the Port area to be brought to the notice of Master/Chief Officer immdediately. Extra Moorings to be put out as deemed necessary. Weather readings to be logged at two hourly intervals during adverse weather. The Sat-C and SAT B to be checked/monitored regularly for incoming messages. Any messages received to be brought to the notice of Master/Chief Officer immediately. SECURITY / GANGWAY AND MOORINGS : Gangway to be rigged in compliance with SSP, international and port regulations, with safety net , well illuminated and watch present at all times. A lifebuoy with SI light shall at all times be placed near the gangway. Moorings to be tight and correctly attended to ensure that vessel lies securely alongside at all times.Any difficulty experienced in same to be brought to the notice of Chief Officer/Master immediately.Check if winches on auto-tension. Rat guards to be in place, one for every mooring rope and fulfilling the purpose that they are meant for. Access to accomodation to be controlled through one door only acc. to SSP, namely Main deck door on the side the vessel is alongside.All other doors to be locked from inside including wheelhouse/chartroom and full anti-theft and stowaway precautions in force, as required at the particular berth. Whenever appropriate and under instructions from Master/Chief Officer, extensive Drug and Stowaway search to be carried as per relevant Checklist prior departure. CARGO OPERATION : Full details of cargo operations to be onpassed by the officer being relieved, including any special requirements, any hazardous cargo to be loaded / discharged or any other limitations. Loading/ discharging plan should be strictly adhered to , instruction on loading/discharging plan to be followed. Chief Officer/Master to be notified immediately in event of any stoppage in cargo work due any reason. In event of stoppage due to failure of shipboard equipment, rectification of situation to be initiated immediately. Loading master or person in charge of cargo operations during every shift to be identified. BALLAST: Ballasting programme discussed and passed by relieved officer.Full details of ballasting/deballasting operations and status of bilges to be passed on by relieved officer including any special instructions from the Chief Officer. At no occasion the ballast should be allowed to overflow due to strict port regulations at several places. Considering the fact that there are no readout gauges in the CCR constant monitoring of the soundings during ballasting deballasting to be carried out and same to be logged in the port log book. POLLUTION : In the event oil/oily sheen is sighted around vessel, make checks to ensure same not from own vessel and bring same to the notice of Chief Officer/Master immediately. Duty officer to ensure that Garbage drums on poop deck are properly covered. Garbage is not to be landed ashore without prior approval from Chief Officer/Master. LOG BOOKS: Port and Deck Log Book entries to be made from time to time during watch and completed in every respect at end of watch. ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FROM MASTER: 50% crew to be on board at all times the vessel is in port. Record of crew members going ashore should be maintained in the gangway log and the duty officer shall remain informed of the same. Any discrepancy in the matter shall be brought to the notice of the chief officer immediately. Gangway shall be manned at all times when the vessel is in port. If the gangway is placed close to the manifold and both can scrutinized at the same time then one crew member is sufficient, but if the gangway is placed far apart then both to be manned separately and if same cannot be carried out due to shortage of manpower due to increase in operations then same to be brought to the notice of Master immediately. Port watchkeeping timings shall be adhered to at all times. Watchkeepers shall be sufficiently rested prior taking over watch. As a standing instruction shore leave expires 3 hours before completion of cargo operations . The following timings shall be relaxed if the vessel is scheduled to be alongside even after completion of cargo operations to meet tide/daylight sailing restrictions . Ships staff to be accounted for at the time of expiry of shore leave and same shall be brought to the notice of the master if any member is found having not returned . Shore leave shall be restricted in view of any impending surveys, inspections , receiving of stores or any other special operations. Duty officers and the deck hands on duty shall strictly adhere to the companys alcohol policy. Gangway/Visitors log shall be signed by the officer on watch at the end of his watch. Relieving officer shall take rounds on deck prior taking over watch. He shall personally check gangway/moorings and make sure that only one door to the accommodation is open at all times. Any difficulty in dealing with shore personnel,loading master,surveyor,agent or shore security personnel shall be brought to the notice of master immedtaely. Any letter of protest from terminal, port, surveyor or the agent shall be only signed by the master after making the necessary remarks. Shore leave passes/any remaining telephone cards with money shall be collected and kept ready when signing cargo documents to be given to the agent/immigration authorities.

Global Warming and Climate Change Essay -- The Greenhouse Effect

Global warming and the greenhouse effect are issues discussed by scientists all the time. A natural process that keeps earths temperature at a livable rate is called the greenhouse effect. The energy from the sun warms up the earth when the rays from the sun are absorbed by greenhouse gasses. The gasses then become trapped in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and nitrous oxide are the most common greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gases cause the radiant heat of the sun to be trapped in the Earths lower atmosphere which causes global warming. If there weren’t any greenhouse gasses, the earth would be really cold due to very little sun rays being absorbed on the earth. Global warming can and will lead to several problems that affect the environment in which we humans live in. These problems can lead to warmer temperatures all around the world, it can endanger animals and the wildlife, and it can lead to widespread flooding from the glaciers melting. Here are a few more future effects that I will discuss in more detail about. Damage to human health, Severe stress on forests, wetlands, and other natural habitats, how fish will be affected. Global warming is a serious problem that will affect our generation when we are older. In talking about global warming, we need to learn what causes the greenhouse effect. Rays from the sun are taken up and absorbed by water vapor that is natural in the atmosphere. The United States emits the largest man made greenhouse gases in the world. As Americans we must realize the responsibility to reduce the emissions. (Gore, Albert) Water Vapor is eighty percent of greenhouse warming. The last twenty percent results from other gases that are in very little amounts. A huge absorber of the sun’s heat rays is carbon dioxide. Us as humans release a lot of carbon dioxide. When fossil fuels are burned, they release big amounts of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is on the increase in our atmosphere due to car emissions. Approximately eighty percent of CO2 increases because of man’s use of fossil fuels. When there is more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere the more sun rays are absorbed. In result to this happening this will cause the earth and the earths atmosphere to war m. When the earth is warming, water temperatures will start to get warmer. Oceans and lakes will get warmer in result f... ... areas will get more precipitation and storms while others will get nothing and have serious droughts. The warming of a few degrees will cause glaciers to melt and sea ice to melt leading to a lot of damage. This damage would lead the levels of the oceans to rise and would cause damage to coastal cities and islands. This would cause serious problems for the different species living in the oceans and could some disease. Especially diseases caused by mosquitoes which love warm and humid climates. There are many ideas and solutions to stop global warming. It is very difficult to reverse this process once it is started. If we want to live like we are now and have been we have to stop this process. Emissions of fossil fuels by humans is a big factor of global warming. The reason being is because of the amount of carbon dioxide released from the fossil fuels. Controlling these emissions is one huge step of many steps required to slow down and stop global warming. If global warming is n ot controlled, all the problems that have been mentioned, along with other problems will disrupt the living patterns in which we live.

Hamlet

The Fear of Death is what prompts us to action. Hamlet Ready to die in an effort to escape what he is feeling after his father dies but cannot, as it is ungodly. â€Å"Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon against self- slaughter! O God, God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world! † (l. i) This is Hamlets first soliloquy and our first look into Hamlet as character and we are immediately introduced to him as someone contemplating death and the value of his life. This is where we first see him as somebody looking to death as an escape from the pressures of his now seemingly dismayed life. He is in the strange position of both wishing for death and fearing what it will do to his soul. This dilemma prompts him to be more determined to find the culprit in his father's death because he feels this will put his soul at peace.Hamlet is also mourning the eath of his late father and is so grieved by his father's death that he wishes to die. Hamlet feels as if he is a defiled human being; (â€Å"O, that this too, too sullied flesh†) and he hopes that if he died he would become something less significant like dew, which will easily be absorbed by the ground. However, Hamlet knows that he cannot commit suicide because in the eyes of† the Everlasting† it is a sin; killing himself would make him even more defiled and block his entrance into heaven.This also elps to give us a first look at Hamlet's morals. Moral dilemma as stated before is whether he should act on his feelings. He also is fearful of consequences that proceed his actions, actions he must take to put his soul at ease. Outside Commentary The critic has made many points in his essay, which I support and believe to be the correct interpretation of what Shakespeare was trying to put forth with the play hamlet. He states in his writing that it is Hamlets ob session with death that leads toHamlet avenging the death of his father by killing Claudius. This most certainly true for had it not been on his fixation with whether he should die he would have not have had reason to seek an alternative to death when he first considered suicide. Hamlet The Fear of Death is what prompts us to action. Hamlet Ready to die in an effort to escape what he is feeling after his father dies but cannot, as it is ungodly. â€Å"Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon against self- slaughter! O God, God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world! † (l. i) This is Hamlets first soliloquy and our first look into Hamlet as character and we are immediately introduced to him as someone contemplating death and the value of his life. This is where we first see him as somebody looking to death as an escape from the pressures of his now seemingly dismayed life. He is in the strange position of both wishing for death and fearing what it will do to his soul. This dilemma prompts him to be more determined to find the culprit in his father's death because he feels this will put his soul at peace.Hamlet is also mourning the eath of his late father and is so grieved by his father's death that he wishes to die. Hamlet feels as if he is a defiled human being; (â€Å"O, that this too, too sullied flesh†) and he hopes that if he died he would become something less significant like dew, which will easily be absorbed by the ground. However, Hamlet knows that he cannot commit suicide because in the eyes of† the Everlasting† it is a sin; killing himself would make him even more defiled and block his entrance into heaven.This also elps to give us a first look at Hamlet's morals. Moral dilemma as stated before is whether he should act on his feelings. He also is fearful of consequences that proceed his actions, actions he must take to put his soul at ease. Outside Commentary The critic has made many points in his essay, which I support and believe to be the correct interpretation of what Shakespeare was trying to put forth with the play hamlet. He states in his writing that it is Hamlets ob session with death that leads toHamlet avenging the death of his father by killing Claudius. This most certainly true for had it not been on his fixation with whether he should die he would have not have had reason to seek an alternative to death when he first considered suicide. Hamlet

Digital Fortress Chapter 29

Still unnerved from her encounter with Hale, Susan gazed out through the one-way glass of Node 3. The Crypto floor was empty. Hale was silent again, engrossed. She wished he would leave. She wondered if she should call Strathmore; the commander could simply kick Hale out-after all, it was Saturday. Susan knew, however, that if Hale got kicked out, he would immediately become suspicious. Once dismissed, he probably would start calling other cryptographers asking what they thought was going on. Susan decided it was better just to let Hale be. He would leave on his own soon enough. An unbreakable algorithm. She sighed, her thoughts returning to Digital Fortress. It amazed her that an algorithm like that could really be created-then again, the proof was right there in front of her; TRANSLTR appeared useless against it. Susan thought of Strathmore, nobly bearing the weight of this ordeal on his shoulders, doing what was necessary, staying cool in the face of disaster. Susan sometimes saw David in Strathmore. They had many of the same qualities-tenacity, dedication, intelligence. Sometimes Susan thought Strathmore would be lost without her; the purity of her love for cryptography seemed to be an emotional lifeline to Strathmore, lifting him from the sea of churning politics and reminding him of his early days as a code-breaker. Susan relied on Strathmore too; he was her shelter in a world of power-hungry men, nurturing her career, protecting her, and, as he often joked, making all her dreams come true. There was some truth to that, she thought. As unintentional as it may have been, the commander was the one who'd made the call that brought David Becker to the NSA that fateful afternoon. Her mind reeled back to him, and her eyes fell instinctively to the pull-slide beside her keyboard. There was a small fax taped there. The fax had been there for seven months. It was the only code Susan Fletcher had yet to break. It was from David. She read it for the five-hundredth time. PLEASE ACCEPT THIS HUMBLE FAX MY LOVE FOR YOU IS WITHOUT WAX. He'd sent it to her after a minor tiff. She'd begged him for months to tell her what it meant, but he had refused. Without wax. It was David's revenge. Susan had taught David a lot about code-breaking, and to keep him on his toes, she had taken to encoding all of her messages to him with some simple encryption scheme. Shopping lists, love notes-they were all encrypted. It was a game, and David had become quite a good cryptographer. Then he'd decided to return the favor. He'd started signing all his letters â€Å"Without wax, David.† Susan had over two dozen notes from David. They were all signed the same way. Without wax. Susan begged to know the hidden meaning, but David wasn't talking. Whenever she asked, he simply smiled and said, â€Å"You're the code-breaker.† The NSA's head cryptographer had tried everything-substitutions, cipher boxes, even anagrams. She'd run the letters â€Å"without wax† through her computer and asked for rearrangements of the letters into new phrases. All she'd gotten back was: taxi hut wow. It appeared Ensei Tankado was not the only one who could write unbreakable codes. Her thoughts were interrupted by the sound of the pneumatic doors hissing open. Strathmore strode in. â€Å"Susan, any word yet?† Strathmore saw Greg Hale and stopped short. â€Å"Well, good evening, Mr. Hale.† He frowned, his eyes narrowing. â€Å"On a Saturday, no less. To what do we owe the honor?† Hale smiled innocently. â€Å"Just making sure I pull my weight.† â€Å"I see.† Strathmore grunted, apparently weighing his options. After a moment, it seemed he too decided not to rock Hale's boat. He turned coolly to Susan. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, could I speak to you for a moment? Outside?† Susan hesitated. â€Å"Ah†¦ yes, sir.† She shot an uneasy glance at her monitor and then across the room at Greg Hale. â€Å"Just a minute.† With a few quick keystrokes, she pulled up a program called ScreenLock. It was a privacy utility. Every terminal in Node 3 was equipped with it. Because the terminals stayed on around the clock, ScreenLock enabled cryptographers to leave their stations and know that nobody would tamper with their files. Susan entered her five-character privacy code, and her screen went black. It would remain that way until she returned and typed the proper sequence. Then she slipped on her shoes and followed the commander out. â€Å"What the hell is he doing here?† Strathmore demanded as soon as he and Susan were outside Node 3. â€Å"His usual,† Susan replied. â€Å"Nothing.† Strathmore looked concerned. â€Å"Has he said anything about TRANSLTR?† â€Å"No. But if he accesses the Run-Monitor and sees it registering seventeen hours, he'll have something to say all right.† Strathmore considered it. â€Å"There's no reason he'd access it.† Susan eyed the commander. â€Å"You want to send him home?† â€Å"No. We'll let him be.† Strathmore glanced over at the Sys-Sec office. â€Å"Has Chartrukian left yet?† â€Å"I don't know. I haven't seen him.† â€Å"Jesus.† Strathmore groaned. â€Å"This is a circus.† He ran a hand across the beard stubble that had darkened his face over the past thirty-six hours. â€Å"Any word yet on the tracer? I feel like I'm sitting on my hands up there.† â€Å"Not yet. Any word from David?† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"I asked him not to call me until he has the ring.† Susan looked surprised. â€Å"Why not? What if he needs help?† Strathmore shrugged. â€Å"I can't help him from here-he's on his own. Besides, I'd rather not talk on unsecured lines just in case someone's listening.† Susan's eyes widened in concern. â€Å"What's that supposed to mean?† Strathmore immediately looked apologetic. He gave her a reassuring smile. â€Å"David's fine. I'm just being careful.† Thirty feet away from their conversation, hidden behind the one-way glass of Node 3, Greg Hale stood at Susan's terminal. Her screen was black. Hale glanced out at the commander and Susan. Then he reached for his wallet. He extracted a small index card and read it. Double-checking that Strathmore and Susan were still talking, Hale carefully typed five keystrokes on Susan's keyboard. A second later her monitor sprang to life. â€Å"Bingo.† He chuckled. Stealing the Node 3 privacy codes had been simple. In Node 3, every terminal had an identical detachable keyboard. Hale had simply taken his keyboard home one night and installed a chip that kept a record of every keystroke made on it. Then he had come in early, swapped his modified keyboard for someone else's, and waited. At the end of the day, he switched back and viewed the data recorded by the chip. Even though there were millions of keystrokes to sort through, finding the access code was simple; the first thing a cryptographer did every morning was type the privacy code that unlocked his terminal. This, of course, made Hale's job effortless-the privacy code always appeared as the first five characters on the list. It was ironic, Hale thought as he gazed at Susan's monitor. He'd stolen the privacy codes just for kicks. He was happy now he'd done it; the program on Susan's screen looked significant. Hale puzzled over it for a moment. It was written in LIMBO-not one of his specialties. Just by looking at it, though, Hale could tell one thing for certain-this was not a diagnostic. He could make sense of only two words. But they were enough. TRACER SEARCHING†¦ â€Å"Tracer?† he said aloud. â€Å"Searching for what?† Hale felt suddenly uneasy. He sat a moment studying Susan's screen. Then he made his decision. Hale understood enough about the LIMBO programming language to know that it borrowed heavily from two other languages-C and Pascal-both of which he knew cold. Glancing up to check that Strathmore and Susan were still talking outside, Hale improvised. He entered a few modified Pascal commands and hit return. The tracer's status window responded exactly as he had hoped. TRACER ABORT? He quickly typed: YES ARE YOU SURE? Again he typed: YES After a moment the computer beeped. TRACER ABORTED Hale smiled. The terminal had just sent a message telling Susan's tracer to self-destruct prematurely. Whatever she was looking for would have to wait. Mindful to leave no evidence, Hale expertly navigated his way into her system activity log and deleted all the commands he'd just typed. Then he reentered Susan's privacy code. The monitor went black. When Susan Fletcher returned to Node 3, Greg Hale was seated quietly at his terminal.